PHP DATA TYPES

PHP data types are used to hold different types of data or values. PHP supports 8 primitive data types that can be categorized further in 3 types:

1. Scalar Types
2. Compound Types
3. Special Types

PHP Data Types: Scalar Types

There are 4 scalar data types in PHP.

1. boolean
2. integer
3. float
4. string

PHP Data Types: Special Types

There are 2 special data types in PHP.

1. resource
2. NULL

PHP String

A string is a sequence of characters, like “Hello world!”.

A string can be any text inside quotes. You can use single or double quotes:

<?php
$x = "Hello world!";
$y = 'Hello world!';

echo $x;
echo "<br>";
echo $y;
?>

PHP Integer

An integer data type is a non-decimal number between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.

Rules for integers:

• An integer must have at least one digit
• An integer must not have a decimal point
• An integer can be either positive or negative
• Integers can be specified in three formats: decimal (10-based), hexadecimal (16-based – prefixed with 0x) or octal (8-based – prefixed with 0)

In the following example $x is an integer. The PHP var_dump() function returns the data type and value:

<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
?>

PHP Float

A float (floating point number) is a number with a decimal point or a number in exponential form.

In the following example $x is a float. The PHP var_dump() function returns the data type and value:

<?php
$x = 10.365;
var_dump($x);
?>

PHP Boolean

A Boolean represents two possible states: TRUE or FALSE.

$x = true;
$y = false;

Booleans are often used in conditional testing.

PHP Array

An array stores multiple values in one single variable.

In the following example $cars is an array. The PHP var_dump() function returns the data type and value:

<?php
$cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
var_dump($cars);
?>

PHP Object

An object is a data type which stores data and information on how to process that data.

In PHP, an object must be explicitly declared.

<?php
class Car {
function Car() {
$this->model = "VW";
}
}

// create an object
$herbie = new Car();

// show object properties
echo $herbie->model;
?>

PHP NULL Value

Null is a special data type which can have only one value: NULL.

A variable of data type NULL is a variable that has no value assigned to it.

Tip: If a variable is created without a value, it is automatically assigned a value of NULL.

Variables can also be emptied by setting the value to NULL:

<?php
$x = "Hello world!";
$x = null;
var_dump($x);
?>

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